Khairallah, sealbearer of Hajj bashīr

The expedition leader Iri…

-Hieroglyphic Graffito found in Wadi Isa, published in The Eastern Desert of Egypt: Routes and Inscriptions, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, January 1984, Lanny Bell et al.

Iri’s Old Kingdom title- literally, God’s Sealbearer (meaning, a man who enriched the royal treasury through expeditions to foreign lands)- was what we call today a Khabīr. The titles preceding other names in nearby graffiti were translated as Captain of the Ships and Master of the Oarsmen, bringing to mind these two Arabic metaphors for common Camelmen, Sailors of the Sands and Pasturers of the Dungmakers.